漯河市沙河湿地公园水系及驳岸设计

漯河市沙河湿地公园着重突出生态优先的设计理念,以还原沙河湿地生态景观,回归沙河自然湿地风貌,循环利用可持续发展资源,体现湿地景观的原真性为主题,通过梳理园区水系,营建丰富的水景景观。利用植物与工程材料相结合,建立生态护岸工程控制水土流失。有效地发挥沙河湿地地表水分传输、调蓄洪水、净化水质、调节区域气候和保护生物多样性等生态效益,实现了对沙河湿地生态系统的保护和恢复。     

森林认证的发展及其对中国森林经营的影响

介绍森林认证的由来、目标、体系。阐述中国森林认证发展历程,分析森林认证在森林可持续经营,森林资源经营管理水平、科技含量、经济、社会和生态效益,生态环境保护,经营方案编制,经营活动监测,人工林经营和管理等方面的重要促进作用,藉此提出我国森林可持续经营建议。     

森林旅游景区生态安全要素及其景观感知传递性分析

剖析森林旅游景区生物资源等要素的生态安全状态及其相应的景观感知,以及它们之间的传递关系,建立森林旅游景区生态安全与景观感知安全传递关系模型。通过对景区生态安全各要素的分析发现,在景区开发、游客干扰等人类活动的干扰下,我国一些森林旅游景区水体、土壤、空气、声音环境受到严重污染,动植物生长生存条件发生退化,并对游客的景观感知产生了显著的负面影响。对景区生态安全与景观感知安全的传递性分析表明,景观感知安全是人类活动对自然资源的影响转移到自身的一种反映,它对景区生态安全状态有一定的预知作用。在此基础上,结合景区生态安全与景观感知安全之间的传递关系,和对景区生态安全构念的分析,建立了包括生物生存环境安全和生物资源安全要素在内的森林旅游景区生态安全结构,及其与景观感知安全之间的传递关系模型。     

油茶丰产栽培技术

在林场进行了油茶丰产栽培技术试验 ,林地要选择在山腰 ,土壤要求pH值5.0~6.5,周边环境应无污染 ,具有马尾松、木荷、卷斗青冈等树木的森林.结果表明 :油茶丰产栽培之后 ,苗木成活率可达99 .4% .油茶树木生长良好 ,经过3年的经营管理 ,抚育除草 ,施肥 ,病虫害防治 ,林木生长快速 ,3年的油茶树木生长平均树高1.1m,地径5.1cm,树冠宽幅1.2m,即可结果收成.     

新疆城市道路景观设计探究

通过对城市道路景观设计的认知和感受,强调了道路景观建设的重要性,分析了道路景观体系中的景观构成及绿地类型分类,并进一步探究了道路园林景观对于城市的生态意义、景观意义和文化意义。通过对新疆地区部分主要城市的道路景观现状分析和调研,指出了疆内道路景观建设中存在的问题,倡导道路景观的人性化、生态化、乡土化设计理念,并依据调研考察资料对疆内道路景观今后的设计、提升提出了可行的参考意见。     

东莞国家城市湿地公园植物生态化管理与利用研究

东莞国家城市湿地公园是人工修复重建型湿地的典型代表。针对湿地公园内植物构建成效,在实地调查和查找文献资料的基础上,分析湿地公园内植物的类型、分布以及植物构建现状和存在的问题,提出了湿地公园植物生态化管理与利用的对策建议。     

菊芋在民勤干旱沙区种植试验研究

2007年通过在民勤干旱沙区进行菊芋种植试验,结果表明:菊芋具有极强的抗旱抗逆能力、固沙和抗风沙能力、繁殖力强等生态适应性,在适宜的条件下,种植后不需灌水即可正常生长,而且生长量大、长势好,是优良的生态经济型防风固沙植物.因此,菊芋适宜在干旱、半干旱沙漠化地区推广种植.     

Impacts of water resource planning on regional water consumption pattern: A case study in Dunhuang Oasis,China

Water resources are critical for the existence and development of oases in endorheic basins. Thus, to enable sustainable development, it is fundamentally important to understand how to allocate and use these resources in a reasonable way. We therefore simulated and analyzed changes in water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis of China under three scenarios using a system dynamic model that corresponds to different water consumption pattern. This was done to assess the impacts of regional water resource planning (comprehensive planning of the rational use of water resource and protection of ecosystem services in the Dunhuang Basin) on water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis. The first of these, Scenario 1, is a baseline in which the status quo is maintained, while Scenario 2 incorporates the comprehensive effects of agricultural water-saving irrigation measures with an inter-basin water diversion project, and Scenario 3 focuses on ecological rehabilitation. In the baseline Scenario 1, the total water consumption within the Dunhuang Oasis increased progressively while agricultural water consumption remained extremely high and threatened overall ecological security. In contrast, Scenario 2 would decrease agricultural water consumption by almost 5.30×10⁷ m³ following the implementation of water-saving practices. The additional water allocated from an inter-basin water diversion project would play an important role in alleviating ecological strain on the oasis. Finally, in Scenario 3, the total irrigated land must be decreased to 20.6×10³ hm² by 2025 assuming that water supply for ecosystem restoration would be at least 50% of the total consumption. Although water resource planning plays a very important role in alleviating the ecological water crisis within the oasis, it is necessary to consider the suitable scale of oasis with regard to current water consumption pattern.     

四种重要实蝇类害虫对福建省造成的经济损失评估

实蝇类害虫是世界性检疫害虫，对福建省农作物造成为害的主要包含橘小实蝇、南亚寡鬃实蝇、瓜实蝇、具条实蝇4种。这4种实蝇类害虫给福建省水果、蔬菜带来较为严重的经济损失，并且由于防治过程中农药的使用，造成生态环境问题。本研究选取实蝇类害虫为害较为严重的福建省主要水果和蔬菜作为研究对象，从直接经济损失、防治费用和间接经济损失3个层面建立评估模型，并对2016年4种实蝇类害虫造成的经济损失进行评估，旨在通过评估经济损失情况，为今后防治政策的制定提供思路。研究结果显示，这4种实蝇类害虫对福建省造成的经济损失约为313.48亿元，其中直接经济损失约为221.74亿元，防治费用约为84.24亿元，间接经济损失约为7.5亿元。最后，本研究提出了重视有害生物灾情评估、完善经济损失评价方法，开展农户专业培训、提升防控技术水平，加强环境规制力度、发展绿色生态农业等政策建议。     

Phenotypic plasticity in the morphology of small benthic Icelandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

Intraspecific phenotypic diversity is the raw material for evolution, so understanding its origin and maintenance is critically important for conservation of biodiversity. Intraspecific diversity in a trait or a suite of traits can result from genetic diversity and/or phenotypic plasticity. The two are, however, not independent as plasticity has been shown to evolve. In this study, we evaluated the importance of phenotypic plasticity in generating morphological diversity in populations of small benthic Arctic charr in Iceland, using a rearing experiment with contrasting modes of feeding. We also examined the association between phenotypic plasticity in offspring groups generated by the contrasting feeding modes and important ecological variables characterising the natural habitats of the respective populations. Although the level of plasticity could not be related to any of the ecological measurements, clear differences in morphological reaction norms among populations suggest that plasticity is an important aspect of morphological diversity of the charr. It is not clear whether that plasticity is adaptive, but it is notable that reaction norms in all populations have similar reaction to the treatments.